Biol. Top. Pediatr. Fetal Neonatal Ed. 117, 165183. Neurologic injury in acidemic term infants. Gynecol. Available online at: https://embryology.med.unsw.edu.au/embryology/index.php/Neural_System_Development (Accessed April 23, 2021). Heart J. Blood pressure and heart rate variability in preschool children exposed to smokeless tobacco in fetal life. (2020). Front. They may detect several clusters or subgroups that are associated with the adverse outcome and provide an estimated probability of that occurrence. J. Nurs. Placental microbiome and its role in preterm birth. Off. J. Expo. There appears to be an association between multiple courses of sGCs prenatal administrations and infant neurodevelopmental abnormalities (Spinillo et al., 2004). Allergy Immunol. Among the possible fHRV metrics, RMSSD is a metric that allows researchers to assess what influence labor may have on the vagus nerve. Chen, J. S., Kandle, P. F., Murray, I., Fitzgerald, L. A., and Sehdev, J. S. (2021). Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed. (Watt and . J. Perinatol. Electronic storage of vast amounts of clinical data and tracings makes it feasible to study rare outcomes like severe metabolic acidemia or hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy. (2011). In the presence of very severe acidemia (pH=6.96) they could not be eliminated by vagal blockade. Acta Obstet. Maternal acute and chronic inflammation in pregnancy is associated with common neurodevelopmental disorders: a systematic review. Occupational hazards and pregnancy outcomes. (2012). The consequences can be quite severe: from apnea to hypoxemia, from sleep disruption to decreased growth, from immunity impairment to neuroendocrine alterations (Almadhoob and Ohlsson, 2020). Since yawning has been related to thermoregulatory behaviors and the ability of switching between arousal and rest states, both of which are strictly dependent on ANS functionality, the detection of yawning at this early age could represent a useful indicator of ANS development or, as suggested, brainstem functionality (Walusinski, 2006, 2010, 2014; Gallup and Eldakar, 2013). General movements allow fetuses to experience their bodies and the surrounding space, hence exploring the consequences their movements have on their bodies and environment (Fagard et al., 2018). Neurology 56, 12781284. As previously mentioned, oxytocin plays an important role in activating the PNS and it has been shown to dampen SNS (Gamer and Bchel, 2012). (2021a). VIII. Schmidt, A., Schneider, U., Witte, O. W., Schleuner, E., and Hoyer, D. (2014). Korean J. Pediatr. Inserted sensors measured blood pressure, heart rate and acid base status duringthe experiments. Annu. Tendais, I., Figueiredo, B., Gonalves, H., Bernardes, J., Ayres-de-Campos, D., and Montenegro, N. (2015). In the same way, due to the CAP, it is also relevant to review the development of the organs potentially connected to the vagus nerve (Sklerov et al., 2019; Frasch, 2020). 48, 829842. Dev. Sleep in late pregnancy predicts length of labor and type of delivery. The deprivation of the REM sleep phase during uterine life can lead to altered cortical and brainstem development and to the supersensitivity to the noradrenaline of the pyramidal cells in the hippocampus, impairing the receptors' sensitivity (Mirmiran et al., 2003).
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