This is due to the large range of available fire retardants found in polyurethane foams, which suggests that the toxicity will likely follow the general trends in the literature for all materials regarding fire retardants. Over this period there was a corresponding shift from the main cause of death in fires being attributed to burns to being attributed to inhalation of smoke and toxic gases. Work published as early as 1959 supported this mechanism of decomposition at higher temperatures and noted that up to 70% of the nitrogen in the foam could be converted to HCN at 1000C (Saunders 1959). The findings from these studies demonstrated that yields of different toxic products are highly dependent on equivalence ratio (either positively or negatively correlated), and elemental and molecular composition of the material. What You Need to Know About Off-Gassing | Architectural Digest This resulted in the reported HCN yields for the under-ventilated conditions being lower than expected in all of the tests. The peak HCN value reached was 10mg per g1 in the under-ventilated tests. 14) (UK Fire Statistics 2013). Aromatic diisocyanates ortho- or para- to one another will have an activating effect on each other, thus increasing their reactivity. HCN analysis was performed using infrared (IR) spectroscopy using a short path-length gas cell, which is a questionable method for the quantification of HCN due to its poor IR absorption, high potential for interferences and a poor limit of detection. It is generally accepted that the thermal decomposition occurring during flaming combustion is best represented by the thermal decomposition of a material in an inert atmosphere. Humans may react differently than animals exposed to toxic materials. Alongside the experiments performed in the steady state tube furnace, the PIR was also investigated in a half scale ISO 9705 room-corridor test and in a full size ISO 9705 (1993) room. These yields are comparable to that of the results reported by Blomqvist et al. An equivalence ratio of 0.5 represents a well-ventilated scenario, typical of an early growing fire, while a ratio of 2 corresponds to the under-ventilated stage responsible for high yields of toxic effluents. The authors tested a rigid polyurethane foam using a NBS cup furnace (as described in Levin et al. The authors reported GC/MS analysis of the condensed phase products obtained. Since serious fires involving the use of these materials have occurred on several ships, the United States Coast Guard has issued a Navigation and Vessel Inspection Circular No.
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